Up@dawn 2.0

Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Lyceum April 11

  APPLIED PHILOSOPHY LYCEUM

Hosted by the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies

CULTURAL RACISM


 

Linda Alcoff, Ph.D.

Professor of Philosophy 

Hunter College and the Graduate Center,  

City University of New York 

Friday, April 11, 2025 • 5 p.m.  

College of Education, Room 164 


Linda Alcoff will define what cultural racism is and argue that it is central to understanding racism today, though it has receded into the background. Biological claims about race that justified racial rankings have long been disproved, and such approaches also lost influence after World War II because of their association with Nazism. But racism simply shifted to the terrain of culture, in which cultures are taken to be just as unchanging as biological races once were. Culture is used to explain differences in economic development, to justify disparities in global power, and to limit migration.

The principal antidote to cultural racism is a more accurate understanding of cultures as hybrid and inherently dynamic. As a corrective, Alcoff develops the concept of “transculturation” from the Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz. This helps us to foreground the colonial context of cultural ranking systems and offset the tendencies toward reification and determinism.

While transculturation often emerged from colonial practices including enslavement, the fact remains that mythic narratives of Western self-creation are simply false. A more accurate understanding of the formation of cultures will disabuse us of ranking and demand a re-understanding of the formation of racial groups as well.

This event is free and open to the public.

A reception will follow.

Peter Singer & his AI chatbot

…Today, while we have made significant strides in recognising gender equality, we also see growing recognition of animal rights, such as laws against cruelty and exploitation. What was once dismissed as laughable—the idea that animals deserve moral consideration—is now widely accepted.

This brought our conversation to a contemporary question: with the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, could similar arguments apply to AI? I asked Prof. Singer: based on this logic, shouldn't moral consideration also be extended to AI if it exhibits sentience? Prof.'s response was thought-provoking. He explained that if AI were to develop genuine consciousness—not merely imitating it—it would indeed warrant moral consideration and rights. He emphasised that sentience, or the capacity to experience suffering and pleasure, is the key factor. If AI systems eventually demonstrate true sentience, we would have a moral obligation to treat them accordingly, just as we do with sentient animals.

This possibility raises profound questions about the future of ethics. How would we recognise true consciousness in AI? What responsibilities would we have toward such entities? And how might our understanding of moral consideration evolve further? The boundaries of ethical reasoning are never fixed—they expand as we deepen our understanding of the world and the beings within it.

Later, after our breakfast and during the car ride back (thanks to Bro. Jono!), I thought of putting AI to the test. Because I just learnt from Prof. about an AI chatbot modelled after him (freely accessible online) at

https://www.petersinger.ai

I decided to ask the chatbot the same question posed to Prof. ("What is wisdom?"), compare its response with his actual reply, and share it with him on the spot!
(Continues)
== 
And I asked Scarlett about Peter Singer's chatbot, and other things...

Tuesday, April 1, 2025

Questions APR 3

 1. How did James Rockwell and his subject cohorts sabotage their drug study?


2. Why is speed critical in getting drugs approved and on the shelves as early as possible?

3. What motivated homeless alcoholics to participate in trials for Eli Lilly, according to its director of clinical pharmacology?

4. Guinea pigs rely mainly on what to insure their safety?

5. The target audience for the jobzine Guinea Pig Zero was who?

6. DARPA projects include research on drugsto keep soldiers awake and fed for how long?

7. Radiation exposure from nuclear testing on American soil in the '50s was comparable to what?

8. Fear of chemical weapons during the Gulf War led to the administration of what vaccine prior to FDA approval?

9. Gulf War vets and their children have been diagnosed with what?

10. What percentage of DARPA projects fail?

11. How did New York city law enforcement officials help researchers in the mid '90s?

DQ

  • Should "guineau-pigging" be a job?
  • For how long should drug patents be issued?
  • Have you participated in any drug trials? Do you want to?
  • "What happens when both parties involved in a trial see the enterprise primarily as a way of making money?" 292
  • Are for-profit IRBs inherently compromised?
  • COMMENT on the Susan Endersbe case. 295
  • How should test subjects be procured? Should there be a cap on how much doctors can earn for procuring them?
  • How would you fix our "patchwork regulatory system"? 300
  • Should medical research aimed at enhancing soldiers' competence, stamina, and endurance be held to different ethical standards?  Is all really fair in (love and) war?
  • Is there an ethically-defensible military rationale for "race-based" or "man-break" tests? 302
  • What's your response to any of the questions at the top of p.302?
  • Should all soldiers be required to sign waivers allowing the administration of any drugs deemed necessary or appropriate? Does military service tacitly allow drug experimentation in the interests of "national security"?
CB part 9, epilog
  1. What is the IGI, why was its original name rejected, and what is one of its core principles? 401 -2
  2. What role did university research labs begin taking on in March 2020? 411
  3. How did Doudna expedite the legal process of getting approval to test outsiders? 417
  4. What's SHERLOCK? 424 
  5. What did Doudna call "the awesomely good thing about this terrible [COVID] situation"? 430
  6.  Biology should not remain what, says Isaacson? 445
  7. In what "larger" sense do CRISPR treatments come from reprogramming? 457
  8. Why have blacks historically distrusted medical trials? 461
  9. What standard constraints did not apply in the race to beat COVID, with what result? 473-4 What fundamental aspect of science will remain the same? 475
  10. What promise of CRISPR might also be its peril? What does Isaacson now see more, peril or promise? What does he think we should decide? 480-81