Apr 2, Beyond 37-39
1. How do global and local inequalities relate to reproductive tourism?
2. What intentional act contributes to making surrogacy especially controversial?
3. Name an equality concern arising from reproductive tourism.
4. What's problematic about the goal of racial family matching "in a commercial context"?
5. Oprah portrayed surrogacy as what?
6. What was PlanetHospital's rationale for only accepting surrogates who already have children of their own?
7. An Indian makes how many multiples of her annual salary by being a surrogate?
8. Why does PH say all surrogate births must be by cesarean delivery?
9. Why didn't most donor-conceived children ever ask questions?
10. Parents who disclosed their children's donor status regarded what as essential to the child-parent relationship?
DQ
- Is there an analogy, in terms of ethical involvement, between reproductive tourism and prostitution? (That is, are the patrons and solicitors in each instance equally culpable? Are suppliers and demanders equally involved?)
- Is the separation of biological and social maternity inherently problematic? Is there any parallel to the separation of mothers from their children for geopolitical reasons (as in the recent border-crossing detentions at the U.S./Mexico border)?
- What, if any, ethically-relevant similarities are there between medical and reproductive tourism?
- Is the threat and reality of exploitation in reproductive tourism grounds for regulation?
- Is it misleading to say that women who provide eggs and bear children for others are "free agents" in the marketplace? 345
- What in general is ethically problematic about the goal of racial family matching?
- What's "uncomfortable" about the idea of women's bodies becoming "part of a formal economy"?
- Is the PlanetHospital model of accelerated results ethically problematic?
- COMMENT on the policy of cesarean delivery for all surrogates.
- When would you reveal your child's status as donor-conceived to him/her?
Apr 4, Beyond 40-42
1. Prenatal testing and embryo selection, as currently practiced, cannot coexist with what?
2. What are the two new alternatives to the "medical model" of disability?
3. What kinds of opportunities do most Americans say are indispensable to a good life?
4. Brief acquaintance with disabled people should demonstrate what?
5. Adrienne Asch cannot ___.
6. The ADA of 1990 has not markedly altered what?
7. Many genetic counselors do not practice in a way that what?
8. What analogy does Asch see between flying the Confederate flag and enumerating testable genetic diseases?
9. How do we become a welcoming society for all, including the disabled?
DQ
- Should "the parental experience" be parents' guiding concern, when contemplating and planning a family?
- In general: is it better not to have a disability?
- How much of the difficulty posed by disability is socially constructed?
- Does the status of social construction undermine itself? Can social constructions be defended as an improvement on "nature"?
- Do you agree that an absence of capacity is not necessarily a negative or a "dis-value"? 368
- "Should society make a list of 'serious' and 'trivial' characteristics" for prenatal assessment?
Quiz Questions:
ReplyDeleteWhat occupation has become influential stakeholders in the market of reproductive tourism?
What is the relationship like between the egg donor's intrinsic worth and her extrinsic value in the fertility industry?
Why would PlanetHospital offer customers to have embryos implanted in 2 surrogates as opposed to 1?
Who said that women can't waive their right to keep or end a pregnancy and it be supported by a U.S. Court?
What shoe store does PlanetHospital compare itself to?
1. _______________ is a heavy load to carry, and the layers of deception build up. (357)
ReplyDelete2. What information was gathered as a result of Weill-Cornell Medical Colleges study of egg-donor families? (356)
3. Which world moved slower toward telling the children the truth about their origins? (the adoption world, the donor conceived world) (355)
4. If for-profit companies are going to approach baby-making like an import-export business, then the government should do what? (354)
5. What two processes offer the highest health risk to women in regards to ART? (343)
6. What is the cheapest package for a single surrogate pregnancy? (352)
7. Until recently, if both surrogates became pregnant-or if either surrogate became pregnant with twins- clients could opt to have the extra pregnancy _________ or twins ______________ , depending on how many babies the clients wanted or decided they could afford (351)
8. Planet Hospital innovated what idea? (351)
9. What was the focus of “Assembling the Global Baby”? (350).
10. What is the pro and con mentioned in regard to higher doses of ovarian stimulation drugs? (344)
1)This secrecy around donor conception
Delete2) Parents who disclosed to their children about using donor eggs before they turned 10 reported no anxiety and expressed full confidence in their decision.
3)donor conceived world
4)government should start treating it like that and adapting oversight and protections for all parties.
5)Egg retrieval and surrogacy
6)28,000
7)aborted; reduced to a singleton
8)Routinely preforming IVF on two surrogates simultaneously to increase the chances of pregnancy.
Alt Quiz Questions:
ReplyDelete1. What country had become somewhat fetishized by media's depiction of reproductive tourism? (339)
2. The participants on both the demand ans supply side of the global fertility market xhange based on what? (340)
3. Fertility travelers have what preferences that inform their choice in fertility destination? (341)
4. What 3 ways is reproductive tourism distinct from medical tourism? (342)
5. Reproductive tourism for IVF and surrogacy depends heavily on what? (344)
6. How might the racial difference make a destination spot for reproductive tourism more attractive? (346)
7. Where is PlanetHospital based? (350)
8. What comparison is made on page 353 regarding babies?
Discussion:
Which would you prefer if you had a donor-concieved child? Secrecy or Honesty?
1. India
Delete2. Normative innovations, legal, medical
3. Racial, gender preferences
4. Results in birth, 3rd parties, reliance on others bodies
5. Lack of comparative economic alternatives
6. The exotic, boiled down to a modern master-servant relationship
7. L.A.
8. Purchasing a car and surrogacy
Response to Sean's dq:
DeleteI'd favor honesty over secrecy. I don't believe I have the right to withhold information regarding where my child comes from, his family and true heritage, from them. Secrecy only protects "parents," to me it seems short sighted and selfish, unless they are truly protecting the child from a dangerous family/heritage.
DQ: Should "the parental experience" be parents' guiding concern, when contemplating and planning a family?
ReplyDeleteWhen this was highlighted in our reading, I was taken aback because this concern wasn't something I had even fathomed. It could be because I haven't seriously contemplated having children but I think it could be due to my personal experience. The worry I have been exposed too has always been the fear of not being to able to advocate and care for a disabled child adequately. Like Asch pointed out, society has perpetrated this idea that being disabled means losing or lacking something that denies the ability of a "good life" and our many of our communities seem to have a track record doing the bare minimum in accommodating for the minority groups.
I think that prioritizing a parent's experience in raising a child is a bit selfish. If you're setting out to have children for your own personal gain as opposed to doing your duty as a human and carrying on your family lineage, I think you are having kids for the wrong reason and are dooming your children to an inadequate life.
Delete1. Trisomy 21 is linked to what? 376
ReplyDelete2. What are NIPT's? How do they work? 376
3. What is MaterniT21 Plus? 377
4. According to the author's research, should genetic counselors advise caution or endorse the use of NIPT's? 377
5. A three month study by the New England Center for Investigative Reporting found...? 380
6. Two recent "industry-funded" studies showed that...? 380
7. As Stanford University there has been three cases of...due to...? 380
8. Why are companies such as MaterniT21 not subject to approval by the FDA? 381
9. What are some symptoms of Edward's syndrome? 381
1)Down syndrome
Delete2)Noninvasive prenatal tests that use samples of cell free fetal DNA that is circulating in the mothers blood in order to detect some chromosomal conditions
3)A form pf NIPT
4)They should advice caution.
Dq response: How much of the difficulty posed by disability is socially constructed?
ReplyDeleteThe concept of disability is one which has changed over time, much like that of mental illness, and is determined by a group's, society or culture's, perceptions of health. This is a huge claim, but it is backed up by much of the material we have been reading. I would argue, we cannot define disability solely through medical terms, but it necessarily requires social construction.
In medieval times, disability was tied directly to morality, today we tie it genetics, which caries as much existential weight as morality once did in western culture. By no means were people with disabilities better off in these times in any way, but I believe it is interesting to point out communities and individuals believed it was their duty to care for each other. Today we look to the state to provide assistance, and for most individuals this is where interaction with people with disabilities ends.
Here's an interesting link:
https://historicengland.org.uk/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history
I definitely do see how their was a shift between the responsibility of individuals for one another to the responsibility of the government over individuals. I suspect It might reinforce the effects of "otherness" and perpetrate the idea that disabled people lack an independence critical to our humanness.
DeleteApril 4 Quiz Questions
ReplyDeleteWhat are the disability rights critiques of prenatal testing?
Where has a tension existed between the traditional “medical model” of disability and the newer approaches?
What do people without disabilities naturally assume about the typical complement of human capabilities?
What standards of living still have gaps between the people with and without disabilities?
What was passed in 1990 that recognized millions of the nation’s population to be treated differently and pejoratively by the nondisabled majority?
What does virtually every parent worry about?
How many samples does the company MaterniT21 PLUS test per year?
Alternate Quiz Questions:
ReplyDelete1. What are NIPTs most frequent target? (376)
2. These tests have the ability to transform what? (376)
3. What is one of the most visible NIPTs on the market? (377)
4. What do several flagship medical organizations recommend NIPTs be used for? (377)
5. What raises thorny ethicL problems for parents-to-be? (378)
6. What percentage rate does Sloan explain that the MaterniT21 PLUS test have? (379)
7. What sparked a new generation of prenatal screening tests? (379)
8. California based Sequenom Inc promises what on its webpage?
9. Why do screening companies operate free of agency oversight? (381)
10. Who is Alberto Guiterrez? (385)
11. Why would Lincoln Chapman say he would be forever grateful to Dr. Sloan? (385)
1. The basic question about the reliability and testing methods of prenatal testing remains ______. (384)
ReplyDelete2. The Natera study found that some women what? (383)
3. What do company officials say they are “now” focusing on? (383)
4. Who were the screens “originally” designed for? (382)
5. After completing a screening that showed low risk for any problems, Belinda Boyston’s son lived for ______ days. (381)
6. Name one of the conditions the prenatal screening can detect. (379)
7. What is the problem with the surge of women taking “these test”? (377)
8. Since 2011, how many companies have launched different versions of NIPTs? (376)
9. Why might prenatal testing and vigorous enforcement of existing antidiscrimination laws might continue to develop along their separate tracks? (374)
1. Unresolved
Delete2. Have an abortion without getting a confirmatory diagnosis test.
3. Test accuracy, carrying out research of false positive frequencies, and reducing the stress of these events.
4. Older women and those at risk for a high risk for a problematic fetus
5. four
6. Edwards syndrome
7. The numbers are overwhelming the available counselors.
8. four
9. Geneticists and doctors work in areas quite different from the advocates for greater social services, access to education, and employment for the nation's disabled population.
It is hard to speak to someone's disability because it can take so many different forms. I feel that a long-term disability, say one from birth would make answering that question even harder. If I was blind, deaf, or any other number of challenges from birth, the opportunity to see or hear again would be exciting and I would truly entertain the idea. However, living a life without something is enlightening and when you learn to overcome an obstacle it becomes part of your very being. Even as a seeing adult, sometimes I wish that I could un-see some of the things I have seen or un-hear some of the things I have heard. I would imagine that overall the gift of sight would be a beautiful thing but I bet there would be times when I would hold my eyes shut, hoping not to see and hum so loud that I wasn't able to hear.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteThere are a lot of nuances to disability, and it really is hard to speak to someone's individual experience. It's not really something that will ever be fully resolved, because there's no true way for the vast majority of people to comprehend what living with a disability is like. Certainly, people can put themselves in someone else's shoes, but that ability has its limits. I'm not sure there ever will be a consensus on disability, simply owing to our limitations as humans.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete